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Feb 6, 2011

Books and Authors - Feb 2011

An Inspirational Journey : Pratibha Devisingh Patil, the First Women President of India written by Rasika Chaube and Chhaya Mahajan
 
 William and Kate : A Royal Love Story written by James Clench
Eternal Romantic : My Father Jaimini Ganesha written by Narayan Ganeshan

One Little Finger written by Malini Chib 

The Appointment written by Herta Muller 

The Sunset Club written by Khushwant Singh 

Restoring Values written by Ed. by E Sreedharan and Bharat Wakhlu

India-China Boundary Problem, 1846-1947 : History and Diplomacy written by AG Noorani
Global Crisis Recession and Uneven Recovery written by - Y V Reddy

Feb 2, 2011

Corruption in India - The Encyclopedia

Total Scam Money (approx) Since 1992: Rs. 73000000000000 Cr. (73 Lakh Crore)
Hard to digest ?
Just check the below given details
  • 1992 -*Harshad Mehta securities scam Rs 5,000 cr (PV Narsimha Rao)
  • 1994 -Sugar import scam Rs 650 cr1995 -Preferential allotment scam Rs 5,000 cr  
  • Yugoslav Dinar scam Rs 400 crMeghalaya Forest scam Rs 300 cr
  • 1996: -Fertiliser import scam Rs 1,300 cr +Urea scam Rs 133 cr
  • Bihar fodder scam Rs 950 cr (लालू यादव)
  • 1997 -Sukh Ram (Congress Telecom Minister) Telecom Scam Rs 1,500 cr
  • SNC Lavalin power project scam Rs 374 cr
  • Bihar land scandal Rs 400 cr (Lalu Yadav)
  • C.R. Bhansali stock scam Rs 1,200 cr
  • 1998 -Teak plantation swindle Rs 8,000 cr
  • 2001 -UTI scam Rs 4,800 cr
  • Dinesh Dalmia stock scam Rs 595 cr
  • Ketan Parekh securities scam Rs 1,250 cr
  • 2002 -Sanjay Agarwal Home Trade scam Rs 600 cr
  • 2003 -Telgi stamp paper scam Rs 172 cr (NCP Leader Chagan Bhubal & Sharad Pawar)
  • 2005 -*IPO-Demat scam Rs 146 cr
  • Bihar flood relief scam Rs 17 cr (Lalu Yadav)
  • Scorpene submarine scam Rs 18,978 cr
  • 2006 -*Punjab's City Centre project scam Rs 1,500 cr,
  • Taj Corridor scam Rs 175 cr (Mayavati)
  • 2008 -*Pune billionaire Hassan Ali Khan tax default Rs 50,000 cr
  • The Satyam scam Rs 10,000 cr (Samuel Rajshekhar Reddy)
  • Army ration pilferage scam Rs 5,000 cr
  • The 2-G spectrum swindle Rs 60,000 cr ( D Raja, the UPA Minister)
  • State Bank of Saurashtra scam Rs 95 cr
  • Illegal monies in Swiss banks, as estimated in 2008 Rs 71,00,000 cr
  • 2009: -*The Jharkhand medical equipment scam Rs 130 cr (Congress Allies Madhu Koda)
  • Rice export scam Rs 2,500 cr
  • Orissa mine scam Rs 7,000 cr
  • Madhu Koda mining scam Rs 4,000 cr"
  • SC refuses to quash PIL against Mayawati in Taj corridor scam
  • Orissa mine scam could be worth more than Rs 14k cr
  • CORRUPTION, MONEY LAUNDERING SCAM, Koda discharged from hospital, arrest imminent
  • 'A Cover-Up Operation':
  • "It's a scam involving close to Rs 60,000 crores"
  • Spectrum scam: How govt lost Rs 60,000 crore
  • India's biggest scams 1, Ramalinga Raju, Rs. 50.4 billion (Samuel Rajshekhar Reddy)
  • India's biggest scams 2, Harshad Mehta, Rs. 40 billion
  • India's biggest scams 3, Ketan Parekh, Rs. 10 billion
  • India's biggest scams 4, C R Bhansali, Rs. 12 billion
  • India's biggest scams 5, Cobbler scam
  • India's biggest scams 6, IPO Scam
  • India's biggest scams 7, Dinesh Dalmia, Rs. 5.95 billion
  • India's biggest scams 8, Abdul Karim Telgi, Rs. 1.71 billion
  • India's biggest scams 9, Virendra Rastogi, Rs. 430 million
  • India's biggest scams 10, The UTI Scam, Rs. 320 million
  • India's biggest scams 11, Uday Goyal, Rs. 2.1 billion
  • India's biggest scams 12, Sanjay Agarwal, Rs. 6 billion
  • India's biggest scams 13, Dinesh Singhania, Rs. 1.2 billion
  • Jeep Purchase (1948) :*- Free India's corruption graph begins. V. K. Krishna Menon, then the Indian high commissioner to Britain, bypassed protocol to sign a deal worth Rs 80 lakh with a foreign firm for the purchase of army jeeps. The case was closed in 1955 and soon after Menon joined the Nehru cabinet.
Cycle Imports (1951) :-* S.A. Venkataraman, then the secretary, ministry of commerce and industry, was jailed for accepting a bribe in lieu of granting a cycle import quota to a company.
MUNDHRA SCANDAL (1957):-* It was the media that first hinted there might be a scam involving the sale of shares to LIC, Feroz Gandhi sources the confidential correspondence between the then Finance Minister T.T.
Krishnamachari and his principal finance secretary, and raised a question in Parliament on the sale of 'fraudulent' shares to LIC by a Calcutta-based Marwari businessman named Haridas Mundhra.

The then Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, set up a one-man commission headed by Justice M.C.Chagla to investigate the matter when it becomes evident that there was a prima facie case. Chagla concluded that Mundhra had sold fictitious shares to LIC, thereby defrauding the insurance behemoth to the tune of Rs. 1.25 crore. Mundhra was sentenced to 22 years in prison. The scam also forced the resignation of T.T.Krishnamachari.

Teja Loans (1960):-* Shipping magnate Jayant Dharma Teja took loans worth Rs 22 crore to establish the Jayanti Shipping Company. In 1960, the authorities discovered that he was actually siphoning off money to his own account, after which Teja fled the country.

Kairon Scam (1963):- *Pratap Singh Kairon became the first Indian chief minister to be accused of abusing his power for his own benefit and that of his sons and relatives. He quit a year later.
 
Patnaik's Own Goal (1965) :-* Orissa Chief Minister Biju Patnaik was forced to resign after it was discovered that he had favoured his privately-held company Kalinga Tubes in awarding a government contract.

Maruti Scandal (1974) :-* Well before the company was set up, former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's name came up in the first Maruti scandal, where her son Sanjay Gandhi was favoured with a license to make passenger cars.

  Solanki Exposé (1992) :- *At the World Economic Forum, Madhavsinh Solanki, then the external affairs minister, slipped a letter to his Swiss counterpart asking their government to stop the probe into the Bofors kickbacks. Solanki resigned when India Today broke the story.

Kuo Oil Deal (1976):-* The Indian Oil Corporation signed an Rs 2.2-crore oil contract with a non-existent firm in Hong Kong and a kickback was given. The petroleum and chemicals minister was directed to make the purchase.

Antulay Trust (1981) :-* With the exposure of this scandal concerning A.R. Antulay, then the chief minister of Maharashtra, The Indian Express was reborn. Antulay had garnered Rs 30 crore from businesses dependent on state resources like cement and kept the money in a private trust.

HDW Commissions (1987) :-* HDW, the German submarine maker, was blacklisted after allegations that commissions worth Rs 20 crore had been paid. In 2005, the case was finally closed, in HDW's favour.

Bofors Pay-Off (1987) :-* A Swedish firm was accused of paying Rs 64 crore to Indian bigwigs, including Rajiv Gandhi, then the prime minister, to secure the purchase of the Bofors gun.

St Kitts Forgery (1989) :- *An attempt was made to sully V.P. Singh's Mr Clean image by forging documents to allege that he was a beneficiary of his son Ajeya Singh's account in the First Trust Corp. at St Kitts, with a deposit of $21 million.

Airbus Scandal (1990) :-* Indian Airlines's (IA) signing of the Rs 2,000-crore deal with Airbus instead of Boeing caused a furore following thecrash of an A-320. New planes were grounded, causing IA a weekly loss of Rs 2.5 crore.

Securities Scam (1992) :-* Harshad Mehta manipulated banks to siphon off money and invested the funds in the stock market, leading to a crash.

         The loss: Rs 5,000 crore.
Indian Bank Rip-off (1992) :- *Aided by M. Gopalakrishnan, then the chairman of the Indian Bank, borrowers-mostly small corporates and exporters from the south-were lent a total of over Rs 1,300 crore, which they never paid back.

Sugar Import (1994) :- *As food minister, Kalpnath Rai presided over the import of sugar at a price higher than that of the market, causing a loss of Rs 650 crore to the exchequer. He resigned following the allegations.

MS SHOES SCAM (1994) :- *Anyone who war old enough in 1994 to read will remember the advertisements- tens of them intriguingly headlined: 'Who is Pawan Sachdeva?' For the record, it was the peak of the public issued-led advertising boom and the ads were created by the Delhi branch of Rediffusion. Sachdeva, the promoter of MS Shoes, allegedly used company funds to buy shares (of his own company) and rig prices, prior to a public issue. He is alleged to have colluded with officials in the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and SBI Caps, which lead-managed the issue, to dupe the public into investing in his Rs. 699-crore public-***-rights issue. Sachdeva was later acquitted 

PLANTATION COMPANIES SCAM (1999) :-* It was as innovative a swindle as
any effected in the world. Savvy entrepreneurs convinced gullible investors that given the right irrigation and fertilizer inputs, teak, strawberries, and anything else that could be grown, would grow anywhere in the country. The promoters could afford to collect money from investors and not worry about retribution (or returns, for that matter). For, plantation companies fell under the purview of neither SEBI nor Reserve Bank of India. Indeed, they didn't even come under the scope of the Department decided to change things in 1999, enough investors had been gulled: 653 companies, between them, had raised Rs. 2,563 crore from investors. To date, not many investors
have got their principals back, just another affirmation of the old saying about money not growing on trees.

Match Fixing (2000) :-* Mohammed Azharuddin, (Now Congress MP)  till then India's cricket captain, was accused of match-fixing. He and Ajay Sharma were banned from playing, while Ajay Jadeja and Manoj Prabhakar were suspended for five years.

Stockmarket Scam (2001) :-The mayhem that wiped off over Rs 1,15,000 crore in the markets in March 2001 was masterminded by the Pentafour bull Ketan Parekh. He was arrested in December 2002 and banned from acccessing the capital market for 14 years.

36, Stamp Paper Scam (2003) (Minister of Congress-NCP in Maharashtra involved):- The sheer magnitude of the racket was shocking-it caused a loss of Rs 30,000 crore to the exchequer. Disclosures of the mastermind behind it, Abdul Karim Telgi, implicated top police officers and bureaucrats.

37, Oil-for-Food Scandal (2005) :- K. Natwar Singh (Congress Minister of Foreign Affairs) was unceremoniously dropped from the Cabinet when his name surfaced in the Volcker Report on the Iraq oil-for-food scam.

What India Could Do With Rs 73 Lakh Crore?*
 
Build:* 2.4 crore primary healthcare centres. That’s at least 3 for every village, at a cost of Rs 30 lakh each.
Build:* 24.1 lakh Kendriya Vidyalayas at a cost of Rs 3.02 crore each, with two sections from Class VI to XII.
Construct:* 14.6 crore low-cost houses assuming a cost of Rs 5 lakh a unit. Set up: 2,703 coal-based power plants of 600 MW each. Each costs Rs 2,700 crore.
Supply: *12 lakh CFL bulbs. That’s enough light for each of India’s 6 lakh villages
Construct:* 14.6 lakh km of two-lane highways. That’s a road around India’s perimeter 97 times over.
Clean up:* 50 major rivers for the next 121 years, at Rs 1,200 crore a river every year.
Launch:* 90 NREGA-style schemes, each worth roughly Rs 81,111 crore.
Announce: 121 more loan waiver schemes. All of them worth Rs 60,000 crore.
Give: *Rs 56,000 to every Indian. Even better, give Rs 1.82 lakh to 40 crore Indians living BPL.
Hand out:* 60.8 crore Tata Nanos to 60.8 crore people. Or four times as many laptops.
Grow the GDP:* The scam money is 27% more than our GDP of Rs 53 lakh crore."
Greed, graft, politics, bribery, dirty money. Just another day in the life of a nation still rated among the most corrupt in the world. Scan the scams that have grabbed headlines, destroyed reputations and left many people poorer.

Jan 26, 2011

United Nations Organization (UNO)

Following in the wake of the failed League of Nations  (1919–1946) the United Nations was established in 1945 to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social and humanitarian problems.

The River Systems of India

The river systems of India can be classified into four groups :- 

(i) Himalayan rivers,
(ii) Deccan rivers, 
(iii) Coastal rivers, and

Abbreviations

 CAG - CONTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL (CAG) of India.
JPC - JOINT PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE  (IN INDIA)
______________________________________________________
A.C.D. — Asian Co-operation Dialogue 

Lok Sabha - House of the People

Introduction :- 
Lok Sabha is composed of representatives of the people chosen by direct election on the basis of the adult suffrage.
The maximum strength of the House envisaged by the Constitution is 552,which is made up by election of upto 530 members to represent the States, upto 20 members to represent the Union Territories and not more than two members of the Anglo-Indian Community to be nominated by the Hon'ble President, if,  in his/her opinion, that community is not adequately represented in the House. The total elective membership is distributed among the States in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each State and the population of the State is, so far as practicable, the same for all States.

Who can be a Member of Lok Sabha ?
Membership of the Lok Sabha requires that the person must be a citizen of India, aged 25 or over, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt and has no criminal procedures against him/her. For reserved seats one should be member of the scheduled castes and/or tribes. Its members are directly elected, normally once in every five years by the adult population who are eligible to vote.

History :-

The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950. The first general elections under the new Constitution were held during the year 1951-52 and the first elected Parliament came into being in April, 1952, the Second Lok Sabha in April, 1957, the Third Lok Sabha in April, 1962, the Fourth Lok Sabha in March, 1967, the Fifth Lok Sabha in March, 1971, the Sixth Lok Sabha in March, 1977, the Seventh Lok Sabha in January, 1980, the Eighth Lok Sabha in December, 1984, the Ninth Lok Sabha in December, 1989, the Tenth Lok Sabha in June, 1991, the Eleventh Lok Sabha in May, 1996, the Twelfth Lok Sabha in March, 1998, the Thirteenth Lok Sabha in October, 1999, the Fourteenth Lok Sabha in May, 2004 and the Fifteenth Lok Sabha in May, 2009.

Presiding Officers
Lok Sabha elects one of its own members as its Presiding Officer and he is called the Speaker. He is assisted by the  Deputy Speaker who is also elected by Lok Sabha. The conduct of business in Lok Sabha is the responsibility of the Speaker.
The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. He is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament. Rajya Sabha also elects one of its members to be the Deputy Chairman.

Functions of Lok Sabha

The main function of both the Houses is to pass laws. Every Bill has to be passed by both the Houses and assented to by the President before it becomes law. The subjects over which Parliament can legislate are the subjects mentioned under the Union List in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. Broadly speaking, Union subjects are those important subjects which for reasons of convenience, efficiency and security are administered on all-India basis. The principal Union subjects are Defence, Foreign Affairs, Railways, Transport and Communications, Currency and Coinage, Banking, Customs and Excise Duties. There are numerous other subjects on which both Parliament and State Legislatures can legislate.
Under this category mention may be made of economic and social planning, social security and insurance, labour welfare, price control and vital statistics.
Besides passing laws, Parliament can by means of resolutions, motions for adjournment, discussions and questions addressed by members to Ministers exercise control over the administration of the country and safeguard people's liberties.

Difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
(1) Members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the eligible voters. Members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of State Legislative Assemblies in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.
(2) The normal life of every Lok Sabha is 5 years only while Rajya Sabha is a permanent body.
(3) Lok Sabha is the House to which the Council of Ministers is responsible under the Constitution. Money Bills can only be introduced in Lok Sabha. Also it is Lok Sabha which grants the money for running the administration of the country.
(4) Rajya Sabha has special powers to declare that it is necessary and expedient in the national interest that Parliament may make laws with respect to a matter in the State List or to create by law one or more all-India services common to the Union and the States.

Sessions and working hours

On normal business days, the Lok Sabha assembles from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and again from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. The first hour of every sitting is called the Question Hour, during which questions posed by members may be assigned to specific government ministries, to be answered at a fixed date in the future.



Composition by States and Union Territories as follows:

  • (1) Andhra Pradesh 42
  • (2) Arunachal Pradesh 2
  • (3) Assam 14
  • (4) Bihar 40
  • (5) Chhattisgarh 11
  • (6) Goa 2
  • (7) Gujarat 26
  • (8) Haryana 10
  • (9) Himachal Pradesh 4
  • (10) Jammu & Kashmir 6
  • (11) Jharkhand 14
  • (12) Karnataka 28
  • (13) Kerala 20
  • (14) Madhya Pradesh 29
  • (15) Maharashtra 48
  • (16) Manipur 2
  • (17) Meghalaya 2
  • (18) Mizoram 1
  • (19) Nagaland 1
  • (20) Orissa 21
  • (21) Punjab 13
  • (22) Rajasthan 25
  • (23) Sikkim 1
  • (24) Tamil Nadu 39
  • (25) Tripura 2
  • (26) Uttarakhand 5
  • (27) Uttar Pradesh 80
  • (28) West Bengal 42
  • (29) Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1
  • (30) Chandigarh 1
  • (31) Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1
  • (32) Daman & Diu 1
  • (33) NCT of Delhi 7
  • (34) Lakshadweep 1
  • (35) Pondicherry 1
  • (36) Anglo-Indians (if nominated 2 by the President under Article 331 of the Constitution)

For more details of Lok Sabha visit official site of Lok Sabha -
http://loksabha.nic.in/

Jan 25, 2011

Computer Knowledge and Marketing Aptitude

1. Which of the following groups consist of only output devices ?
(A) Scanner, Printer, Monitor
(B) Keyboard, Printer, Monitor
(C) Mouse, Printer, Monitor

Jan 24, 2011

New Union Council of Ministers: Prime Minister - Manmohan Singh

Following is the updated list of Union Council of Ministers: Manmohan Singh : Prime Minister and also in-charge of ministries and departments not specifically allocated to the charge of any minister, namely Ministry of Personnel,

Jan 17, 2011

HIGHLIGHTS IN THE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS SECTOR DURING 2009-10

>> India has total reserves (proved & indicated) of 1201 million metric tonnes of crude oil and1437 billion cubic meters of natural gas as on 1.4.2010.
 
 >>  The total number of exploratory and development wells and metreage drilled in onshore and offshore areas during 2009-10 was 428 and 1019 thousand meters respectively.

Jan 14, 2011

57 th National Film Awards

Dada Saheb Phalke award - Producer D Aramanaidu 

Best Actor - Amitabh Bachchan For film PAA (Hindi) 

Jan 9, 2011

High Speed PC with DDR4

Jan 04 2011:-  Samsung Electronics announced  that it has completed development on the first DDR4 DRAM module, using 30nm-class process technology.
What's new in this?
The DDR4 module uses a new technology called Pseudo Open Drain (POD), which lets DDR4 consume half the electric current of DDR3 when reading and writing data. 
New circuit architecture will let DDR4 attain transfer speeds between 1.6 Gbps and 3.2 Gbps.
This first DDR4 module is rated at 2.133 Gbps, and runs at 1.2 volts; 30nm DDR3, at 1.35 or 1.5 volts, can only get up to 1.6 Gbps. When it used in laptops reduces power consumption by 40 %
Samsung says it has provided 1.2-volt 2GB DDR4 DIMMs to a controller maker for testing, and is working with server makers to complete JEDEC standardization of DDR4 technologies before the end of 2011. Production of the modules is expected to begin in 2012.

Jan 7, 2011

How Inflation Calculated in India - भारत में महंगाई दर की गणना कैसे की जाती है?

  •     भारत में महंगाई दर की गणना कैसे की जाती है?
  •     दूसरे देशों में महंगाई को मापने का क्या पैमाना है?
भारत में महंगाई दर का आंकलन थोक मूल्य सूचकांक (WPI - Wholesale price index) के आधार पर किया जाता है।
दूसरी ओर अधिकतर विकसित देशों में महंगाई दर को उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक (CPI-Consumer price index) के आधार पर मापते हैं।

थोक मूल्य सूचकांक सबसे पहले 1929 में प्रकाशित हुआ था, और यह नीति निर्माताओं के लिए कुछ बड़े आर्थिक सूचकों में से एक था।

लेकिन 1970 तक आते-आते कई विकसित देशों मे थोक मूल्य सूचकांक की जगह पर उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक का उपयोग होने लगा है। दरअसल थोक मूल्य सूचकांक में थोक बाजार में वस्तुओं की औसत कीमत स्तर में आए बदलाव का आंकलन किया जाता है। भारत में थोक मूल्य सूचकांक में 435 वस्तुएं शामिल हैं। यह सबसे कम अवधि में तय होने वाला कीमत सूचकांक है, जो हर हफ्ते तय होता है।

भारत सरकार ने महंगाई दर को मापने के लिए थोक मूल्य सूचकांक को ही अपना रखा है। वहीं उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक, उपभोक्ताओं द्वारा खरीदी गई कुछ विशेष वस्तुओं की खरीद की कीमतों के औसत पर तय होता है। यह महंगाई मापने का वह तरीका है, जिसमें कुछ विशेष उपभोक्ता वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के बास्केट के जरिये आकलन किया जाता है।


भारत में महंगाई दर की गणना कैसे की जाती है? आखिर क्यों शुक्रवार को ही इसकी घोषणा की जाती है? और दूसरे देशों में महंगाई को मापने का क्या पैमाना है? आइए इसको समझते हैं।

भारत में महंगाई दर का आंकलन थोक मूल्य सूचकांक (डब्ल्यूपीआई) के आधार पर किया जाता है। दूसरी ओर अधिकतर विकसित देशों में महंगाई दर को उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक (सीपीआई) के आधार पर मापते हैं। थोक मूल्य सूचकांक सबसे पहले 1092 में प्रकाशित हुआ था, और यह नीति निर्माताओं के लिए कुछ बड़े आर्थिक सूचकों में से एक था।

लेकिन 1970 तक आते-आते कई विकसित देशों मे थोक मूल्य सूचकांक की जगह पर उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक का उपयोग होने लगा है। दरअसल थोक मूल्य सूचकांक में थोक बाजार में वस्तुओं की औसत कीमत स्तर में आए बदलाव का आंकलन किया जाता है। भारत में थोक मूल्य सूचकांक में 435 वस्तुएं शामिल हैं। यह सबसे कम अवधि में तय होने वाला कीमत सूचकांक है, जो हर हफ्ते तय होता है।

भारत सरकार ने महंगाई दर को मापने के लिए थोक मूल्य सूचकांक को ही अपना रखा है। वहीं उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक, उपभोक्ताओं द्वारा खरीदी गई कुछ विशेष वस्तुओं की खरीद की कीमतों के औसत पर तय होता है। यह महंगाई मापने का वह तरीका है, जिसमें कुछ विशेष उपभोक्ता वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के बास्केट के जरिये आकलन किया जाता है।

कुछ अर्थशास्त्री तर्क दे रहे हैं कि भारत को अब थोक मूल्य सूचकांक को गुड बाय कह देना चाहिए, और उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक को अपना लेना चाहिए। गौरतलब है कि केवल भारत ही ऐसा बड़ा देश है, जहां अभी भी महंगाई की गणना थोक मूल्य सूचकांक के आधार पर होती है। अब कई देश उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक को ही अपना चुके हैं। यह काफी हद तक बढ़ी हुई कीमतों के बारे में अधिक स्पष्ट बताता है।

अमेरिका, ब्रिटेन, जापान, फ्रांस, कनाडा, सिंगापुर और चीन जैसे बड़े देशों में महंगाई दर मापने का अधिकृत सूचकांक, उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक ही है। इन देशों में सरकारें किसी वस्तु के उपभोग के आधार पर हर 4-5 साल में उस वस्तु की समीक्षा करती हैं।

थोक मूल्य सूचकांक के जरिये महंगाई दर का सही आंकलन नहीं हो पाता है, आखिरकार यह थोक मूल्य पर ही तो आधारित है। इसमें जिन 435 वस्तुओं को शामिल किया गया है, उनमें से काफी ऐसी हैं, जो उपयोगिता की दृष्टि से बहुत ज्यादा महत्वपूर्ण नहीं हैं। उदाहरण के तौर पर मोटे अनाजों को ही लेते हैं, इस्तेमाल करने के लिहाज से यह महत्वहीन है फिर भी यह महंगाई को निर्धारित करने में शामिल है।

एक ओर जहां थोक मूल्य सूचकांक साप्ताहिक आधार पर आता है वहीं उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक महीने दर महीने आता है। इसीलिए महंगाई के आंकड़े हर शुक्रवार को जारी होते हैं।

Source-Business Standard

Jan 2, 2011

The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle - असफलता का सारांश


    25 दिसम्बर 2010 को श्रीहरिकोटा में देश के अंतरिक्ष मिशन को साल में दूसरी बार झटका लगा है। संचार उपग्रह जीसैट-5पी को ले जा रहे स्वदेश निर्मित रॉकेट

SENTENCE

जब एक व्यक्ति दूसरे व्यक्ति से बात कहता है (या लिखता है) तो उस बात को Sentence (वाक्य) कहते हैं |
Sentence is an arrangement of words which makes sense.
वाक्य शब्दों का वह समूह है जिसका कोई अर्थ होता है |

Five Kinds of Sentences:- Simple sentence (साधारण वाक्य) के पाँच प्रकार हैं |

Dec 29, 2010

ब्रैडमैन हाल आफ फेम पुरस्कार - क्रिकेट

विश्व के सर्वश्रेष्ठ ओपनरों में से एक, पूर्व भारतीय क्रिकेटर सुनील गावस्कर और बेहतरीन आस्ट्रेलियाई खिलाडी एडम गिलक्रिस्ट  को ब्रैडमैन फाउन्डेशन की ओर से दिया जाने वाला

Dec 22, 2010

Sports Zone - Dec 2010

December 5
  • BCCI allowed Kochi team  to play in IPL -4.
  • Sweden's Rikard Karlberg, won $1.25 million, Hero Honda Indian Open "Golf Tournament".

Dec 21, 2010

Awards December 2010

On December 5 - India's 19 Years Nicole faria won the Miss Earth 2010 crown. The competition held in Vietnam.

On December 10 - OSLE (Organisation for Studies in Literature and Environment) awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize winners, in a grand ceremony.

Dec 5, 2010

Sahara India Sports Awards - 2010

  • Best Male Player of the Year - Sushil Kumar (wrestling) 
  • Best female player of the year - M. C. MaryKom 
  • Year's best male cricketers - Sachin Tendulkar 

सहारा इंडिया खेल पुरस्कार - 2010

    • वर्ष के सर्वश्रेष्ठ पुरुष खिलाडी - सुशील कुमार (कुश्ती)
  • वर्ष की सर्वश्रेष्ठ महिला खिलाडी - एम. सी.  मैरीकाम
  • वर्ष के सर्वश्रेष्ठ पुरुष क्रिकेटर - सचिन तेंदुलकर

Oct 8, 2010

COUNTRY AND CAPITAL - WORLD

Afghanistan - Kabul
Albania - Tirane
Algeria - Algiers
Andorra - Andorra la Vella
Angola - Luanda

Sep 30, 2010

Forthcoming Exams: 2010


October :
• Bank of India Clerical Cadre Exam. (October 3)
• Kashi Gomti Samyut Gramin Bank Office Assistant Exam. (October 3)
• Madhya Pradesh Assistant Engineer (Civil) Exam. (October 10)