Current Affairs India

Books and Authors - Feb 2011

2011-02-06T04:21:00.000-08:00

An Inspirational Journey : Pratibha Devisingh Patil, the First Women President of India written by Rasika Chaube and Chhaya Mahajan

William and Kate : A Royal Love Story written by James Clench
Eternal Romantic : My Father Jaimini Ganesha written by Narayan Ganeshan

One Little Finger written by Malini Chib

The Appointment written by Herta Muller

The Sunset Club written by Khushwant Singh

Restoring Values written by Ed. by E Sreedharan and Bharat Wakhlu

India-China Boundary Problem, 1846-1947 : History and Diplomacy written by AG Noorani

Global Crisis Recession and Uneven Recovery written by - Y V Reddy

Corruption in India - The Encyclopedia

2011-02-02T15:30:00.000-08:00

Total Scam Money (approx) Since 1992: Rs. 73000000000000 Cr. (73 Lakh Crore)
Hard to digest ?
Just check the below given details

1992 -*Harshad Mehta securities scam Rs 5,000 cr (PV Narsimha Rao)
1994 -Sugar import scam Rs 650 cr1995 -Preferential allotment scam Rs 5,000 cr
Yugoslav Dinar scam Rs 400 crMeghalaya Forest scam Rs 300 cr
1996: -Fertiliser import scam Rs 1,300 cr +Urea scam Rs 133 cr
Bihar fodder scam Rs 950 cr (लालू यादव)
1997 -Sukh Ram (Congress Telecom Minister) Telecom Scam Rs 1,500 cr
SNC Lavalin power project scam Rs 374 cr
Bihar land scandal Rs 400 cr (Lalu Yadav)
C.R. Bhansali stock scam Rs 1,200 cr
1998 -Teak plantation swindle Rs 8,000 cr
2001 -UTI scam Rs 4,800 cr
Dinesh Dalmia stock scam Rs 595 cr
Ketan Parekh securities scam Rs 1,250 cr
2002 -Sanjay Agarwal Home Trade scam Rs 600 cr
2003 -Telgi stamp paper scam Rs 172 cr (NCP Leader Chagan Bhubal & Sharad Pawar)
2005 -*IPO-Demat scam Rs 146 cr
Bihar flood relief scam Rs 17 cr (Lalu Yadav)
Scorpene submarine scam Rs 18,978 cr
2006 -*Punjab's City Centre project scam Rs 1,500 cr,
Taj Corridor scam Rs 175 cr (Mayavati)
2008 -*Pune billionaire Hassan Ali Khan tax default Rs 50,000 cr
The Satyam scam Rs 10,000 cr (Samuel Rajshekhar Reddy)
Army ration pilferage scam Rs 5,000 cr
The 2-G spectrum swindle Rs 60,000 cr ( D Raja, the UPA Minister)
State Bank of Saurashtra scam Rs 95 cr
Illegal monies in Swiss banks, as estimated in 2008 Rs 71,00,000 cr
2009: -*The Jharkhand medical equipment scam Rs 130 cr (Congress Allies Madhu Koda)
Rice export scam Rs 2,500 cr
Orissa mine scam Rs 7,000 cr
Madhu Koda mining scam Rs 4,000 cr"
SC refuses to quash PIL against Mayawati in Taj corridor scam
Orissa mine scam could be worth more than Rs 14k cr
CORRUPTION, MONEY LAUNDERING SCAM, Koda discharged from hospital, arrest imminent
'A Cover-Up Operation':
"It's a scam involving close to Rs 60,000 crores"
Spectrum scam: How govt lost Rs 60,000 crore
India's biggest scams 1, Ramalinga Raju, Rs. 50.4 billion (Samuel Rajshekhar Reddy)
India's biggest scams 2, Harshad Mehta, Rs. 40 billion
India's biggest scams 3, Ketan Parekh, Rs. 10 billion
India's biggest scams 4, C R Bhansali, Rs. 12 billion
India's biggest scams 5, Cobbler scam
India's biggest scams 6, IPO Scam
India's biggest scams 7, Dinesh Dalmia, Rs. 5.95 billion
India's biggest scams 8, Abdul Karim Telgi, Rs. 1.71 billion
India's biggest scams 9, Virendra Rastogi, Rs. 430 million
India's biggest scams 10, The UTI Scam, Rs. 320 million
India's biggest scams 11, Uday Goyal, Rs. 2.1 billion
India's biggest scams 12, Sanjay Agarwal, Rs. 6 billion
India's biggest scams 13, Dinesh Singhania, Rs. 1.2 billion
Jeep Purchase (1948) :*- Free India's corruption graph begins. V. K. Krishna Menon, then the Indian high commissioner to Britain, bypassed protocol to sign a deal worth Rs 80 lakh with a foreign firm for the purchase of army jeeps. The case was closed in 1955 and soon after Menon joined the Nehru cabinet.

Cycle Imports (1951) :-* S.A. Venkataraman, then the secretary, ministry of commerce and industry, was jailed for accepting a bribe in lieu of granting a cycle import quota to a company.
MUNDHRA SCANDAL (1957):-* It was the media that first hinted there might be a scam involving the sale of shares to LIC, Feroz Gandhi sources the confidential correspondence between the then Finance Minister T.T.
Krishnamachari and his principal finance secretary, and raised a question in Parliament on the sale of 'fraudulent' shares to LIC by a Calcutta-based Marwari businessman named Haridas Mundhra.

The then Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, set up a one-man commission headed by Justice M.C.Chagla to investigate the matter when it becomes evident that there was a prima facie case. Chagla concluded that Mundhra had sold fictitious shares to LIC, thereby defrauding the insurance behemoth to the tune of Rs. 1.25 crore. Mundhra was sentenced to 22 years in prison. The scam also forced the resignation of T.T.Krishnamachari.

Teja Loans (1960):-* Shipping magnate Jayant Dharma Teja took loans worth Rs 22 crore to establish the Jayanti Shipping Company. In 1960, the authorities discovered that he was actually siphoning off money to his own account, after which Teja fled the country.

Kairon Scam (1963):- *Pratap Singh Kairon became the first Indian chief minister to be accused of abusing his power for his own benefit and that of his sons and relatives. He quit a year later.

Patnaik's Own Goal (1965) :-* Orissa Chief Minister Biju Patnaik was forced to resign after it was discovered that he had favoured his privately-held company Kalinga Tubes in awarding a government contract.

Maruti Scandal (1974) :-* Well before the company was set up, former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's name came up in the first Maruti scandal, where her son Sanjay Gandhi was favoured with a license to make passenger cars.

Solanki Exposé (1992) :- *At the World Economic Forum, Madhavsinh Solanki, then the external affairs minister, slipped a letter to his Swiss counterpart asking their government to stop the probe into the Bofors kickbacks. Solanki resigned when India Today broke the story.

Kuo Oil Deal (1976):-* The Indian Oil Corporation signed an Rs 2.2-crore oil contract with a non-existent firm in Hong Kong and a kickback was given. The petroleum and chemicals minister was directed to make the purchase.

Antulay Trust (1981) :-* With the exposure of this scandal concerning A.R. Antulay, then the chief minister of Maharashtra, The Indian Express was reborn. Antulay had garnered Rs 30 crore from businesses dependent on state resources like cement and kept the money in a private trust.

HDW Commissions (1987) :-* HDW, the German submarine maker, was blacklisted after allegations that commissions worth Rs 20 crore had been paid. In 2005, the case was finally closed, in HDW's favour.

Bofors Pay-Off (1987) :-* A Swedish firm was accused of paying Rs 64 crore to Indian bigwigs, including Rajiv Gandhi, then the prime minister, to secure the purchase of the Bofors gun.

St Kitts Forgery (1989) :- *An attempt was made to sully V.P. Singh's Mr Clean image by forging documents to allege that he was a beneficiary of his son Ajeya Singh's account in the First Trust Corp. at St Kitts, with a deposit of $21 million.

Airbus Scandal (1990) :-* Indian Airlines's (IA) signing of the Rs 2,000-crore deal with Airbus instead of Boeing caused a furore following thecrash of an A-320. New planes were grounded, causing IA a weekly loss of Rs 2.5 crore.

Securities Scam (1992) :-* Harshad Mehta manipulated banks to siphon off money and invested the funds in the stock market, leading to a crash.

The loss: Rs 5,000 crore.
Indian Bank Rip-off (1992) :- *Aided by M. Gopalakrishnan, then the chairman of the Indian Bank, borrowers-mostly small corporates and exporters from the south-were lent a total of over Rs 1,300 crore, which they never paid back.

Sugar Import (1994) :- *As food minister, Kalpnath Rai presided over the import of sugar at a price higher than that of the market, causing a loss of Rs 650 crore to the exchequer. He resigned following the allegations.

MS SHOES SCAM (1994) :- *Anyone who war old enough in 1994 to read will remember the advertisements- tens of them intriguingly headlined: 'Who is Pawan Sachdeva?' For the record, it was the peak of the public issued-led advertising boom and the ads were created by the Delhi branch of Rediffusion. Sachdeva, the promoter of MS Shoes, allegedly used company funds to buy shares (of his own company) and rig prices, prior to a public issue. He is alleged to have colluded with officials in the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and SBI Caps, which lead-managed the issue, to dupe the public into investing in his Rs. 699-crore public-***-rights issue. Sachdeva was later acquitted

PLANTATION COMPANIES SCAM (1999) :-* It was as innovative a swindle as
any effected in the world. Savvy entrepreneurs convinced gullible investors that given the right irrigation and fertilizer inputs, teak, strawberries, and anything else that could be grown, would grow anywhere in the country. The promoters could afford to collect money from investors and not worry about retribution (or returns, for that matter). For, plantation companies fell under the purview of neither SEBI nor Reserve Bank of India. Indeed, they didn't even come under the scope of the Department decided to change things in 1999, enough investors had been gulled: 653 companies, between them, had raised Rs. 2,563 crore from investors. To date, not many investors
have got their principals back, just another affirmation of the old saying about money not growing on trees.

Match Fixing (2000) :-* Mohammed Azharuddin, (Now Congress MP) till then India's cricket captain, was accused of match-fixing. He and Ajay Sharma were banned from playing, while Ajay Jadeja and Manoj Prabhakar were suspended for five years.

Stockmarket Scam (2001) :-The mayhem that wiped off over Rs 1,15,000 crore in the markets in March 2001 was masterminded by the Pentafour bull Ketan Parekh. He was arrested in December 2002 and banned from acccessing the capital market for 14 years.

36, Stamp Paper Scam (2003) (Minister of Congress-NCP in Maharashtra involved):- The sheer magnitude of the racket was shocking-it caused a loss of Rs 30,000 crore to the exchequer. Disclosures of the mastermind behind it, Abdul Karim Telgi, implicated top police officers and bureaucrats.

37, Oil-for-Food Scandal (2005) :- K. Natwar Singh (Congress Minister of Foreign Affairs) was unceremoniously dropped from the Cabinet when his name surfaced in the Volcker Report on the Iraq oil-for-food scam.

What India Could Do With Rs 73 Lakh Crore?*

Build:* 2.4 crore primary healthcare centres. That’s at least 3 for every village, at a cost of Rs 30 lakh each.
Build:* 24.1 lakh Kendriya Vidyalayas at a cost of Rs 3.02 crore each, with two sections from Class VI to XII.
Construct:* 14.6 crore low-cost houses assuming a cost of Rs 5 lakh a unit. Set up: 2,703 coal-based power plants of 600 MW each. Each costs Rs 2,700 crore.
Supply: *12 lakh CFL bulbs. That’s enough light for each of India’s 6 lakh villages
Construct:* 14.6 lakh km of two-lane highways. That’s a road around India’s perimeter 97 times over.
Clean up:* 50 major rivers for the next 121 years, at Rs 1,200 crore a river every year.
Launch:* 90 NREGA-style schemes, each worth roughly Rs 81,111 crore.
Announce: 121 more loan waiver schemes. All of them worth Rs 60,000 crore.
Give: *Rs 56,000 to every Indian. Even better, give Rs 1.82 lakh to 40 crore Indians living BPL.
Hand out:* 60.8 crore Tata Nanos to 60.8 crore people. Or four times as many laptops.
Grow the GDP:* The scam money is 27% more than our GDP of Rs 53 lakh crore."
Greed, graft, politics, bribery, dirty money. Just another day in the life of a nation still rated among the most corrupt in the world. Scan the scams that have grabbed headlines, destroyed reputations and left many people poorer.

Source : -http://secular-drama.blogspot.com/

United Nations Organization (UNO)

2011-01-26T22:15:00.000-08:00

Following in the wake of the failed League of Nations (1919–1946) the United Nations was established in 1945 to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social and humanitarian problems.

In June 26, 1945 at San Francisco Conference the Declaration of United Nations (UNO) was prepared which came into force in October 24, 1945.

Headquarters:- International territory in Manhattan, New York City

Working languages:- English and French

Official languages:- Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish

Membership:- 192 Member States

Key Leaders

Secretary-General:- Ban Ki-moon (South Korea)

General Assembly President:- Joseph Deiss (Switzerland)

The United Nations Secretariat Building at the United Nations headquarters in New York City.

Emblem of the United Nations (Left) and
Flag of the United Nations (Right)

Proportion 2:3 or 3:5
Adopted on December 7, 1946
Design:- A white UN emblem (world map surrounded by two olive branches) on a light blue background.
Designed by:- Donal McLaughlin (emblem only)

The River Systems of India

2011-01-26T22:13:00.000-08:00

The river systems of India can be classified into four groups :-

(i) Himalayan rivers,
(ii) Deccan rivers,

(iii) Coastal rivers, and

(iv) Rivers of the inland drainage basin.

The Himalayan rivers are formed by melting snow and glaciers and therefore, continuously flow throughout the year.

During the monsoon months, Himalayas receive very heavy rainfall and rivers swell, causing frequent floods.

The Deccan rivers on the other hand are rainfed and therefore fluctuate in volume. Many of these are non-perennial.

The Coastal streams, especially on the west coast are short in length and have limited catchment areas. Most of them are non-perennial.

The streams of inland drainage basin of western Rajasthan are few and far apart. Most of them are of an ephemeral character.

The main Himalayan river systems are those of the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna system.

The Indus, which is one of the great rivers of the world, rises near Mansarovar in Tibet and flows through India and thereafter through Pakistan and finally falls in the Arabian sea near Karachi. Its important tributaries flowing in Indian territory are the Sutlej (originating in Tibet), the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum.

The Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna is another important system of which the principal sub-basins are those of Bhagirathi and the Alaknanda, which join at Dev Prayag to form the Ganga. It traverses through Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal states. Below Rajmahal hills, the Bhagirathi, which used to be the main course in the past, takes off, while the Padma continues eastward and enters Bangladesh. The Yamuna, the Ramganga, the Ghaghra, the Gandak, the Kosi, the Mahananda and the Sone are the important tributaries of the Ganga. Rivers Chambal and Betwa are the important sub-tributaries, which join Yamuna before it meets the Ganga. The Padma and the Brahmaputra join at Bangladesh and continue to flow as the Padma or Ganga. The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet, where it is known as Tsangpo and runs a long distance till it crosses over into India in Arunachal Pradesh under the name of Dihang. Near Passighat, the Debang and Lohit join the river Brahmaputra and the combined river runs all along the Assam in a narrow valley. It crosses into Bangladesh downstream of Dhubri.

The principal tributaries of Brahmaputra in India are the Subansiri, Jia Bhareli, Dhansiri, Puthimari, Pagladiya and the Manas. The Brahmaputra in Bangladesh fed by Tista etc., finally falls into Ganga. The Barak river, the Head stream of Meghna, rises in the hills in Manipur. The important tributaries of the river are Makku, Trang, Tuivai, Jiri, Sonai, Rukni, Katakhal, Dhaleswari, Langachini, Maduva and Jatinga.

Barak continues in Bangladesh till the combined Ganga—Brahmaputra join it near Bhairab Bazar.

In the Deccan region, most of the major river systems flowing generally in east direction fall into Bay of Bengal. The major east flowing rivers are Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Mahanadi, etc. Narmada and Tapti are major West flowing rivers.

The Godavari in the southern Peninsula has the second largest river basin covering 10 per cent of the area of India. Next to it is the Krishna basin in the region,
while the Mahanadi has the third largest basin.
The basin of the Narmada in the uplands of the Deccan, flowing to the Arabian Sea and of the Kaveri in the south, falling into the Bay of Bengal are about the same size, though with different character and shape.

There are numerous coastal rivers, which are comparatively small. While only handful of such rivers drain into the sea near the delta of east coast, there are as many as 600 such rivers on the west coast.
>> A few rivers in Rajasthan do not drain into the sea. They drain into salt lakes and get lost in sand with no outlet to sea.
Besides these, there are the desert rivers which flow for some distance and are lost in the desert. These are Luni, Machhu, Rupen, Saraswati, Banas, Ghaggar and others.

Abbreviations

2011-01-26T22:08:00.000-08:00

CAG - CONTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL (CAG) of India.

JPC - JOINT PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE (IN INDIA)

______________________________________________________
A.C.D. — Asian Co-operation Dialogue
A.D.S. — Air Defense Ship
A.I.D.S. — Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
A.T.G.M. — Anti-Tank Guided Missile
A.P.E.D.A. — Agriculture and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority
A.U. — African Union
A.W.A.N. — Army Wide Area Network
B.P.O. — Business Process Outsourcing
C.C.I. — Consumer Confidence Index; Cricket Club of India
C.D.M.A. — Code Division Multiple Access
C.I.S. — Commonwealth of Independent States
C.I.B.I.L. — Credit Information Bureau (India) Ltd.
C.N.G. — Compressed Natural Gas
C.R.I.S.I.L. — Credit Rating and Information Services of India Ltd.
C.S.T.O. — Collective Security Treaty Organisation
D.M.R.C. — Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
D.O.T.S. — Directly Observed Treatment Short Course
E.A.S. — East Asia Summit
E.E.C. — Eurasian Economic Community
E.D.C.I.L. — Educational Consultants India Ltd.
G.C.M.M.F. — Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation
G.P.R.S. — General Packet Radio Service
G.S.L.V. — Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle
G.U.A.M. — Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova
I.C.D.S. — Integrated Child Development Services
I.F.C.I. — Industrial Finance Corporation of India
I.G.C.A.R. — Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
I.G.N.O.U. — Indira Gandhi National Open University
I.I.S.E.R. — Indian Institutes of Science and Educational Research
I.N.M.A.S. — Institute of Nuclear Medicines and Allied Sciences
I.P.C.C. — International Panel on Climate Change
I.T.E.R. — International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
NASSCOM — National Association of Software and Service Companies
N.B.R.C. — National Brain Research Center
N.C.A. — National Cricket Academy, Nuclear Command Authority
N.C.A.O.R. — National Center for Antarctica and Ocean Research
N.D.I.C. — Natural Disaster Information System
N.D.M.A. — National Disaster Management Authority
N.E.A. — National Environment Authority
N.F.W.P. — National Food for Work Programme
N.P.C.L. — Nuclear Power Corporation of India
N.R.E.G.A. — National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
N.R.H.M. — National Rural Health Mission
N.S.G. — Nuclear Suppliers’ Group; National Security Guards
O.C.I. — Overseas Citizen of India
O.I.C. — Overseas Indian Citizenship O.S.C.E. — Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
P.H.D.C.C.I. — Progress, Harmony and Development Chambers of Commerce and Industry
P.H.F.I. — Public Health Foundation of India
P.O.S.C.O. — Pohang Steel Company
P.O.T.A. — Prevention of Terrorism Act
Q.I.B. — Qualified Institutional Buyer
Q.I.P. — Qualified Institutional Placement
R.T.R.A. — Rail Tariff Regulatory Authority
S.A.I. — Sports Authority of India
S.A.A.R.C. — South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation
S.C.R.A.M.J.E.T. — Supersonic Combustion Ramjet
S.G.R.Y. — Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana
S.M.S. — Short Message Service; Subscriber Management System
S.R.S.F. — Special Railway Safety Fund
T.I.N. — Tax Payers’ Identification Number
T.R.A. — Tea Research Association
T.R.I.P.S. — Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
U.A.P.A. — Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act
U.N.F.P.A. — United Nations Fund for Population Activities
V.A.A. — Virgin Atlantic Airlines
VAT — Value Added Tax
W.C.C.B. — Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
W.E.M. — World Environment Forum
WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organisation
W.L.L. — Wireless in Local Loop
W.M.D. — Weapons of Mass Destruction

Lok Sabha - House of the People

2011-01-26T21:44:00.000-08:00

Introduction :-

Lok Sabha is composed of representatives of the people chosen by direct election on the basis of the adult suffrage.
The maximum strength of the House envisaged by the Constitution is 552,which is made up by election of upto 530 members to represent the States, upto 20 members to represent the Union Territories and not more than two members of the Anglo-Indian Community to be nominated by the Hon'ble President, if, in his/her opinion, that community is not adequately represented in the House. The total elective membership is distributed among the States in such a way that the ratio between the number of seats allotted to each State and the population of the State is, so far as practicable, the same for all States.

Who can be a Member of Lok Sabha ?

Membership of the Lok Sabha requires that the person must be a citizen of India, aged 25 or over, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt and has no criminal procedures against him/her. For reserved seats one should be member of the scheduled castes and/or tribes. Its members are directly elected, normally once in every five years by the adult population who are eligible to vote.

History :-

The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950. The first general elections under the new Constitution were held during the year 1951-52 and the first elected Parliament came into being in April, 1952, the Second Lok Sabha in April, 1957, the Third Lok Sabha in April, 1962, the Fourth Lok Sabha in March, 1967, the Fifth Lok Sabha in March, 1971, the Sixth Lok Sabha in March, 1977, the Seventh Lok Sabha in January, 1980, the Eighth Lok Sabha in December, 1984, the Ninth Lok Sabha in December, 1989, the Tenth Lok Sabha in June, 1991, the Eleventh Lok Sabha in May, 1996, the Twelfth Lok Sabha in March, 1998, the Thirteenth Lok Sabha in October, 1999, the Fourteenth Lok Sabha in May, 2004 and the Fifteenth Lok Sabha in May, 2009.

Presiding Officers

Lok Sabha elects one of its own members as its Presiding Officer and he is called the Speaker. He is assisted by the Deputy Speaker who is also elected by Lok Sabha. The conduct of business in Lok Sabha is the responsibility of the Speaker.

The Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. He is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament. Rajya Sabha also elects one of its members to be the Deputy Chairman.

Functions of Lok Sabha

The main function of both the Houses is to pass laws. Every Bill has to be passed by both the Houses and assented to by the President before it becomes law. The subjects over which Parliament can legislate are the subjects mentioned under the Union List in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. Broadly speaking, Union subjects are those important subjects which for reasons of convenience, efficiency and security are administered on all-India basis. The principal Union subjects are Defence, Foreign Affairs, Railways, Transport and Communications, Currency and Coinage, Banking, Customs and Excise Duties. There are numerous other subjects on which both Parliament and State Legislatures can legislate.

Under this category mention may be made of economic and social planning, social security and insurance, labour welfare, price control and vital statistics.

Besides passing laws, Parliament can by means of resolutions, motions for adjournment, discussions and questions addressed by members to Ministers exercise control over the administration of the country and safeguard people's liberties.

Difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

(1) Members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the eligible voters. Members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of State Legislative Assemblies in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.

(2) The normal life of every Lok Sabha is 5 years only while Rajya Sabha is a permanent body.

(3) Lok Sabha is the House to which the Council of Ministers is responsible under the Constitution. Money Bills can only be introduced in Lok Sabha. Also it is Lok Sabha which grants the money for running the administration of the country.

(4) Rajya Sabha has special powers to declare that it is necessary and expedient in the national interest that Parliament may make laws with respect to a matter in the State List or to create by law one or more all-India services common to the Union and the States.

Sessions and working hours

On normal business days, the Lok Sabha assembles from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and again from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. The first hour of every sitting is called the Question Hour, during which questions posed by members may be assigned to specific government ministries, to be answered at a fixed date in the future.

Composition by States and Union Territories as follows:

(1) Andhra Pradesh 42
(2) Arunachal Pradesh 2
(3) Assam 14
(4) Bihar 40
(5) Chhattisgarh 11
(6) Goa 2
(7) Gujarat 26
(8) Haryana 10
(9) Himachal Pradesh 4
(10) Jammu & Kashmir 6
(11) Jharkhand 14
(12) Karnataka 28
(13) Kerala 20
(14) Madhya Pradesh 29
(15) Maharashtra 48
(16) Manipur 2
(17) Meghalaya 2
(18) Mizoram 1
(19) Nagaland 1
(20) Orissa 21
(21) Punjab 13
(22) Rajasthan 25
(23) Sikkim 1
(24) Tamil Nadu 39
(25) Tripura 2
(26) Uttarakhand 5
(27) Uttar Pradesh 80
(28) West Bengal 42
(29) Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1
(30) Chandigarh 1
(31) Dadra & Nagar Haveli 1
(32) Daman & Diu 1
(33) NCT of Delhi 7
(34) Lakshadweep 1
(35) Pondicherry 1
(36) Anglo-Indians (if nominated 2 by the President under Article 331 of the Constitution)

For more details of Lok Sabha visit official site of Lok Sabha -

http://loksabha.nic.in/

Computer Knowledge and Marketing Aptitude

2011-01-25T01:23:00.000-08:00

1. Which of the following groups consist of only output devices ?
(A) Scanner, Printer, Monitor
(B) Keyboard, Printer, Monitor
(C) Mouse, Printer, Monitor(D) Plotter, Printer, Monitor
(E) None of these
Answer: Plotter, Printer, Monitor

2. The role of a………generally is to determine a buyer’s needs and match it to the correct hardware and software.
(A) computer Scientist
(B) computer sales representative
(C) computer consultant
(D) corporate trainer
(E) None of these
Answer: computer sales representative

3. A(n)………contains commands that can be selected.
(A) pointer
(B) menu
(C) icon
(D) button
(E) None of these
Answer: menu

4. 12. An error is also known as—
(A) bug
(B) debug
(C) cursor
(D) icon
(E) None of these
Answer: bug

5. Microsoft Word is an example of—
(A) an operating system
(B) a processing device
(C) application software
(D) an input device
(E) None of these
Answer: a processing device

6. A keyboard is this kind of device—
(A) black
(B) input
(C) output
(D) word Processing
(E) None of these
Answer: input

7. ………………is the process of carrying out commands.
(A) Fetching
(B) Storing
(C) Executing
(D) Decoding
(E) None of these
Answer: Executing

8. Which of the following refers to the fastest, biggest and most expensive computers ?
(A) Personal Computers
(B) Supercomputers
(C) Laptops
(D) Notebooks
(E) None of these
Answer: Supercomputers

9. IT stands for—
(A) information Technology
(B) integrated Technology
(C) intelligent Technology
(D) interesting Technology
(E) None of these
Answer: information Technology

10. The rectangular area of the screen that displays a program, data, and/or information is a—
(A) title bar
(B) button
(C) dialog box
(D) window
(E) None of these
Answer: Window

11. A collection of related information sorted and dealt with as a unit is a—
(A) disk
(B) data
(C) file
(D) floppy
(E) None of these
Answer: file

12. The process of a computer receiving information from a server on the Internet is known as—
(A) pulling
(B) pushing
(C) downloading
(D) transferring
(E) None of these
Answer: downloading

13. Arithmetic Operations—
(A) involve matching one data item to another to determine if the first item is greater than, equal to, or less than the other item
(B) sort data items according to standard, predefined criteria in ascending order or descending order
(C) use conditions with operators such as AND, OR and NOT
(D) include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
(E) None of these
Answer: include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

14. Sending an e-mail is similar to—
(A) picturing an event
(B) narrating a story
(C) writing/sending a letter
(D) creating a drawing
(E) None of these
Answer: writing/sending a letter

15. Promotion in Marketing means—
(A) passing an examination
(B) elevation from one grade to another
(C) selling the products through various means
(D) selling the product in specific areas
(E) None of these
Answer: selling the products through various means

16. Which part of the computer helps to store information ?
(A) Disk drive
(B) Keyboard
(C) Monitor
(D) Printer
(E) None of these
Answer: Disk drive

17. Sources of Sales Leads are—
(A) Data Mining
(B) Market Research
(C) Media Outlets
(D) Promotional Programs
(E) All of these
Answer: All of these

18. Any data or instruction entered into the memory of a computer is considered as—
(A) storage
(B) output
(C) input
(D) information
(E) None of these
Answer: storage

19. Which part of the computer displays the work done ?
(A) RAM
(B) printer
(C) monitor
(D) ROM
(E) None of these
Answer: monitor

20. One of the methods for Market Monitoring is—
(A) to watch TV serials
(B) to discuss with other sales persons
(C) to monitor media outlets
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: to monitor media outlets

21. Market Expansion means—
(A) hiring more staff
(B) firing more staff
(C) buying more products
(D) buying more companies
(E) None of these
Answer: None of these

22. A series of instructions that tells a computer what to do and how to do it is called a—
(A) program
(B) command
(C) user response
(D) processor
(E) None of these
Answer: program

23. Effective marketing helps in—
(A) developing new products
(B) creating a competitive environment
(C) building demand for products
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: All of these

24. Which is the part of a computer that one can touch and feel ?
(A) Hardware
(B) Software
(C) Programs
(D) Output
(E) None of these
Answer: Hardware

25. A Call in Marketing means—
(A) to phone the customers
(B) to visit the customers
(C) to visit the marketing site
(D) to call on prospective customers
(E) None of these
Answer: to call on prospective customers

26. Delivery Channel means—
(A) maternity wards
(B) handing over the products to the buyers
(C) places where products are made available to the buyers
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: places where products are made available to the buyers

27. Processing involves—
(A) inputting data into a computer system
(B) transforming input into output
(C) displaying output in a useful manner
(D) providing relevant answers
(E) None of these
Answer: transforming input into output

28. One of the following is a target group for the marketing of Internet Banking.
(A) All the customers
(B) All the educated customers
(C) All the computer educated customers
(D) Only creditors
(E) All of these
Answer: All the computer educated customers

29. Innovation mean—
(A) Product Designing
(B) New ideas
(C) Impulse
(D) Both (A) and (B)
(E) None of these
Answer: Both (A) and (B)

30. One of the following is a target group for the marketing of educational loan.
(A) All the customers
(B) Students
(C) Only poor students
(D) Students having promising educational track record
(E) All of these
Answer: Students

31. Service after sale is not the function of—
(A) Marketing staff
(B) Seller
(C) Director of the company
(D) Employees of the company
(E) All of the above are wrong
Answer: Marketing staff

32. If done through………the rural marketing would be more effective.
(A) fairs
(B) village fairs
(C) door to door campaign
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: village fairs

33. Market Survey means—
(A) Market Research
(B) Market Planning
(C) Marketing Strategies
(D) Market Monitering
(E) All of these
Answer: Market Research

34. ………can be done through digital Banking ?
(A) Mobile phone
(B) Internet
(C) Telephone
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: Mobile phone

35. A good seller should have the following quality/qualities ?
(A) Devotion to the work
(B) Submissive
(C) Sympathy
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: All of these

36. The rural marketing is not required because—
(A) rural people do not understand marketing
(B) its not practical from the cost point of view
(C) it is sheer wastage of time
(D) All are wrong
(E) All are correct
Answer: All are wrong

37. Planned-cost service means—
(A) Costly products
(B) Extra profit on the same cost
(C) Extra work by seller
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: Extra profit on the same cost

38. Internet marketing means—
(A) Self-marketing
(B) Core Groups monitering
(C) Employees marketing
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: None of these

39. The networking becomes……through networking.
(A) very difficult
(B) dull
(C) easy
(D) has no role in marketing
(E) None of these
Answer: easy

40. The aim of successful marketing is—
(A) to increase the sale
(B) to increase the profit
(C) to increase the output of sellers
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Answer: All of these

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New Union Council of Ministers: Prime Minister - Manmohan Singh

2011-01-24T00:59:00.000-08:00

Following is the updated list of Union Council of Ministers: Manmohan Singh : Prime Minister and also in-charge of ministries and departments not specifically allocated to the charge of any minister, namely Ministry of Personnel,
Public Grievances and Pensions; Ministry of Planning, Department of related stories Reshuffle keeping UP, Kerala polls in mind Food inflation falls to 15.52%; vegetable prices still high Atomic Energy and Department of Space.

Cabinet Ministers

Pranab Mukherjee : Finance

Sharad Pawar : Agriculture, Food Processing Industries

A K Antony        : Defence
P Chidambaram : Home Affairs
S M Krishna        : External Affairs
Mamata Banerjee : Railways
Ghulam Nabi Azad       : Health and Family Welfare
Sushil Kumar Shinde : Power
M Veerappa Moily       : Law and Justice
S Jaipal Reddy : Petroleum and Natural Gas
Kamal Nath        : Urban Development
Vayalar Ravi : Overseas Indian Affairs; Civil Aviation
Murli Deora        : Corporate Affairs
Kapil Sibal        : Human Resource Development, Communications and Information Technology
Ambika Soni        : Information and Broadcasting
B K Handique : Development of North Eastern Region
Anand Sharma : Commerce and Industry
Virbhadra Singh : Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Vilasrao Deshmukh : Rural Development; Panchayati Raj
C P Joshi        : Road Transport and Highways
Kumari Selja : Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation; Culture
Subodh Kant Sahay       : Tourism
M S Gill        : Statistics and Programme Implementation
G K Vasan        : Shipping
Dayanidhi Maran : Textiles
Farooq Abdullah : New and Renewable Energy
Mallikarjun Kharge : Labour and Employment
Pawan K Bansal : Parliamentary Affairs; Science and Technology;Earth Sciences
Mukul Wasnik : Social Justice and Empowerment
Kantilal Bhuria : Tribal Affairs
M K Alagiri : Chemicals and Fertilizers
Praful Patel : Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
Shriprakash Jaiswal : Coal
Salman Khursheed : Water Resources; Minority Affairs
Ministers of State (Independent Charge)
Ajay Maken         : Youth Affairs and Sports
Beni Prasad Verma : Steel
K V Thomas        : Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
Dinsha J Patel       : Mines
Krishna Tirath       : Women and Child Development
Jairam Ramesh : Environment and Forests

Ministers of State

Srikant Jena : Chemicals and Fertilizers
E Ahamed        : External Affairs
Mullappally Ramachandran: Home Affairs
V Narayanasamy : Parliamentary Affairs; Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; PM's Office
Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia : Commerce and Industry
D Purandeswari   : Human Resource Development
K H Muniappa   : Railways
Panabaka Lakshmi        : Textiles
Namo Narain Meena : Finance
M M Pallam Raju        : Defence
Saugata Ray   : Urban Development
S S Palanimanickam : Finance
Jitin Prasada   : Road Transport and Highways
A Sai Prathap   : Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
Preneet Kaur   : External Affairs
Gurudas Kamat   : Home Affairs
Harish Rawat   : Agriculture; Food Processing Industries
Bharatsinh Solanki : Railways
Mahadev S Khandela : Tribal Affairs
Dinesh Trivedi   : Health and Family Welfare
Sisir Adhikari   : Rural Development
Sultan Ahmed   : Tourism
Mukul Roy   : Shipping
Choudhury Mohan Jatua : Information and Broadcasting
D Napoleon   : Social Justice and Empowerment
Dr S Jagathrakshakan : Information and Broadcasting
S Gandhiselvan   : Health and Family Welfare
Tusharbhai Chaudhary : Road Transport and Highways
Sachin Pilot   : Communications and Information Technology
Arun Yadav         : Agriculture; Food Processing Industries
Prateek Prakashbapu Patil : Coal
R P N Singh   : Petroleum and Natural Gas; Corporate Affairs
Vincent Pala   : Water Resources; Minority Affairs
Pradeep Jain   : Rural Development
Agatha Sangma   : Rural Development
Ashwani Kumar   : Planning; Parliamentary Affairs; Science and Technology; Earth Sciences
K C Venugopal   : Power.

HIGHLIGHTS IN THE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS SECTOR DURING 2009-10

2011-01-17T02:36:00.000-08:00

>> India has total reserves (proved & indicated) of 1201 million metric tonnes of crude oil and1437 billion cubic meters of natural gas as on 1.4.2010.

>> The total number of exploratory and development wells and metreage drilled in onshore and offshore areas during 2009-10 was 428 and 1019 thousand meters respectively.
>> Crude oil production during 2009-10 at 33.69 million metric tonnes is 0.55% higher than 33.51 million metric tonnes produced during 2008-09.

>> Gross Production of Natural Gas in the country at 47.51 billion cubic meters during 2009-10 is 44.63% higher than the production of 32.85 billion cubic metres during 2008-09.

>> The production of Natural Gas at 44.94% and 0.08% of the total were highest and lowest in JVC/Private and West Bengal respectively during 2009-10.

>> The flaring of Natural Gas in 2009-10 at 2.09% of gross production is lower than at 3.29% in 2008-09.

>> The refining capacity in the country increased to 184.386 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) as on 1.4.2010 from 177.968 MTPA as on 1.4.2009.

>> The total refinery crude throughput during 2009-10 at 160.03 million metric tonnes is 0.46% lower than 160.77 million metric tonnes crude processed in 2008-09 and the prorata capacity utilisation in 2009-10 was 89.92% as compared to 107.43% in 2008-09.

>> The production of petroleum products during 2009-10 was 151.898 million metric tonnes (including 2.244 million metric tonnes of LPG production from natural gas) registering a decrease of 0.51% over last year’s production at 152.678 million metric tonnes (including 2.162 million metric tonnes of LPG production from natural gas).

>> The country exported 50.974 million metric tonnes of petroleum products against the
imports of 23.49 million metric tonnes (including 8.828 million metric tonnes of LNG)
during 2009-10.

>> The consumption of petroleum products during 2009-10 were 138.196 million metric tonnes (including sales through private imports) which is 3.60% higher than the sales of 133.400 million metric tonnes during 2008-09.

>> The total number of retail outlets of Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies as on 1.4.2010 has gone upto 36462 from 34948 on 1.4.2009.

>> The total number of LPG consumers of Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies as on 1.4.2010 were 114.952 million against 105.632 million as on 1.4.2009.

>> The number of persons employed (including contract employees) in petroleum industry as on 1.04.2010 and 1.04.2009 are 129988 & 138973 respectively.

Download complete charts and tables

57 th National Film Awards

2011-01-14T00:12:00.000-08:00

Dada Saheb Phalke award - Producer D Aramanaidu

Best Actor - Amitabh Bachchan For film PAA (Hindi) Best Actress - Ananya Chatterjee (Bengali film to Obohoman)

Best Feature - Malayalam movie Kutty Stranak

Best popular film - 3 Idiots (Hindi)

Nargis Dutt Award for Best Film on National Integration - Delhi 6

Best Director - Rituparno Ghosh (Bengali film to Obohoman)

Best Hindi Film - Paa (Hindi)

Best Children's Film - Puuttani Party (Kannada) and Ceshu (Malayalam).

Best Music - Amit Trivedi (Dev D)

Best Supporting Actor - Farooq Sheikh (Film Lahore in Hindi)

Best Supporting Actress - Arundhati Nag (Film Paa in Hindi)

Best Lyrics - Aswanand Kirkire (बहती हवा सा था - 3 Idiots.)

Best Makeup - Christine Tinsle and Dominee til (Paa)

Best Child Actor - Jiva and AMBA Karasoo (Tamil film Pasanga)

High Speed PC with DDR4

2011-01-09T16:27:00.000-08:00

Jan 04 2011:- Samsung Electronics announced that it has completed development on the first DDR4 DRAM module, using 30nm-class process technology.

What's new in this?

The DDR4 module uses a new technology called Pseudo Open Drain (POD), which lets DDR4 consume half the electric current of DDR3 when reading and writing data.

New circuit architecture will let DDR4 attain transfer speeds between 1.6 Gbps and 3.2 Gbps.

This first DDR4 module is rated at 2.133 Gbps, and runs at 1.2 volts; 30nm DDR3, at 1.35 or 1.5 volts, can only get up to 1.6 Gbps. When it used in laptops reduces power consumption by 40 %

Samsung says it has provided 1.2-volt 2GB DDR4 DIMMs to a controller maker for testing, and is working with server makers to complete JEDEC standardization of DDR4 technologies before the end of 2011. Production of the modules is expected to begin in 2012.

How Inflation Calculated in India - भारत में महंगाई दर की गणना कैसे की जाती है?

2011-01-07T05:49:00.000-08:00

भारत में महंगाई दर की गणना कैसे की जाती है?
दूसरे देशों में महंगाई को मापने का क्या पैमाना है?

भारत में महंगाई दर का आंकलन थोक मूल्य सूचकांक (WPI - Wholesale price index) के आधार पर किया जाता है।
दूसरी ओर अधिकतर विकसित देशों में महंगाई दर को उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक (CPI-Consumer price index) के आधार पर मापते हैं।

थोक मूल्य सूचकांक सबसे पहले 1929 में प्रकाशित हुआ था, और यह नीति निर्माताओं के लिए कुछ बड़े आर्थिक सूचकों में से एक था।

लेकिन 1970 तक आते-आते कई विकसित देशों मे थोक मूल्य सूचकांक की जगह पर उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक का उपयोग होने लगा है। दरअसल थोक मूल्य सूचकांक में थोक बाजार में वस्तुओं की औसत कीमत स्तर में आए बदलाव का आंकलन किया जाता है। भारत में थोक मूल्य सूचकांक में 435 वस्तुएं शामिल हैं। यह सबसे कम अवधि में तय होने वाला कीमत सूचकांक है, जो हर हफ्ते तय होता है।

भारत सरकार ने महंगाई दर को मापने के लिए थोक मूल्य सूचकांक को ही अपना रखा है। वहीं उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक, उपभोक्ताओं द्वारा खरीदी गई कुछ विशेष वस्तुओं की खरीद की कीमतों के औसत पर तय होता है। यह महंगाई मापने का वह तरीका है, जिसमें कुछ विशेष उपभोक्ता वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के बास्केट के जरिये आकलन किया जाता है।

भारत में महंगाई दर की गणना कैसे की जाती है? आखिर क्यों शुक्रवार को ही इसकी घोषणा की जाती है? और दूसरे देशों में महंगाई को मापने का क्या पैमाना है? आइए इसको समझते हैं।

भारत में महंगाई दर का आंकलन थोक मूल्य सूचकांक (डब्ल्यूपीआई) के आधार पर किया जाता है। दूसरी ओर अधिकतर विकसित देशों में महंगाई दर को उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक (सीपीआई) के आधार पर मापते हैं। थोक मूल्य सूचकांक सबसे पहले 1092 में प्रकाशित हुआ था, और यह नीति निर्माताओं के लिए कुछ बड़े आर्थिक सूचकों में से एक था।

लेकिन 1970 तक आते-आते कई विकसित देशों मे थोक मूल्य सूचकांक की जगह पर उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक का उपयोग होने लगा है। दरअसल थोक मूल्य सूचकांक में थोक बाजार में वस्तुओं की औसत कीमत स्तर में आए बदलाव का आंकलन किया जाता है। भारत में थोक मूल्य सूचकांक में 435 वस्तुएं शामिल हैं। यह सबसे कम अवधि में तय होने वाला कीमत सूचकांक है, जो हर हफ्ते तय होता है।

भारत सरकार ने महंगाई दर को मापने के लिए थोक मूल्य सूचकांक को ही अपना रखा है। वहीं उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक, उपभोक्ताओं द्वारा खरीदी गई कुछ विशेष वस्तुओं की खरीद की कीमतों के औसत पर तय होता है। यह महंगाई मापने का वह तरीका है, जिसमें कुछ विशेष उपभोक्ता वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के बास्केट के जरिये आकलन किया जाता है।

कुछ अर्थशास्त्री तर्क दे रहे हैं कि भारत को अब थोक मूल्य सूचकांक को गुड बाय कह देना चाहिए, और उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक को अपना लेना चाहिए। गौरतलब है कि केवल भारत ही ऐसा बड़ा देश है, जहां अभी भी महंगाई की गणना थोक मूल्य सूचकांक के आधार पर होती है। अब कई देश उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक को ही अपना चुके हैं। यह काफी हद तक बढ़ी हुई कीमतों के बारे में अधिक स्पष्ट बताता है।

अमेरिका, ब्रिटेन, जापान, फ्रांस, कनाडा, सिंगापुर और चीन जैसे बड़े देशों में महंगाई दर मापने का अधिकृत सूचकांक, उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक ही है। इन देशों में सरकारें किसी वस्तु के उपभोग के आधार पर हर 4-5 साल में उस वस्तु की समीक्षा करती हैं।

थोक मूल्य सूचकांक के जरिये महंगाई दर का सही आंकलन नहीं हो पाता है, आखिरकार यह थोक मूल्य पर ही तो आधारित है। इसमें जिन 435 वस्तुओं को शामिल किया गया है, उनमें से काफी ऐसी हैं, जो उपयोगिता की दृष्टि से बहुत ज्यादा महत्वपूर्ण नहीं हैं। उदाहरण के तौर पर मोटे अनाजों को ही लेते हैं, इस्तेमाल करने के लिहाज से यह महत्वहीन है फिर भी यह महंगाई को निर्धारित करने में शामिल है।

एक ओर जहां थोक मूल्य सूचकांक साप्ताहिक आधार पर आता है वहीं उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक महीने दर महीने आता है। इसीलिए महंगाई के आंकड़े हर शुक्रवार को जारी होते हैं।

Source-Business Standard

The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle - असफलता का सारांश

2011-01-02T03:18:00.000-08:00

25 दिसम्बर 2010 को श्रीहरिकोटा में देश के अंतरिक्ष मिशन को साल में दूसरी बार झटका लगा है। संचार उपग्रह जीसैट-5पी को ले जा रहे स्वदेश निर्मित रॉकेट जीएसएलवी-एफ 06 में उड़ान भरने के 47 सेकंड मिनट बाद ही विस्फोट हो गया।
करीब 125 करोड़ रुपए की लागत से तैयार इस उपग्रह को एक दशक पहले छोड़े गए इनसैट-2ई की जगह लेनी थी।
जीएसएलवी मिशन अप्रैल 2001 से शुरू हुआ। अब तक इसकी सात उड़ानें हो चुकी हैं। इनमें से पिछली चार में से तीन असफल रहीं। इस साल दूसरी बार यह मिशन नाकाम रहा।
10 जुलाई 2006 को जीएसएलवी-एफ02 और 15 अप्रैल 2010 को जीएसएलवी-डी3 की उड़ान अफसल रही थी।
जीएसएलवी-एफ06 मिशन अगर सफल हो जाता तो भारत चुनिंदा पांच देशों की सूची में शुमार हो जाता। इसमें अमेरिका और रूस जैसे वे देश हैं जो भारी उपग्रह अंतरिक्ष में प्रक्षेपित करने में सक्षम हैं।

GSLV - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle

GSAT-5P
Orbital elements
Operator	ISRO
Major contractors	ISRO
Bus	I-2K
Mission type	Communication
Launch date	25 December 2010 10:34 UTC
Carrier rocket	GSLV Mk.I F06
Launch site	SDSC SLP
Mission duration	12-14 years (planned) Failed to orbit
Mass	2,310 kilograms (5,100 lb)
Regime	Geosynchronous(planned)
Longitude	55° East (planned)
Transponders
Transponders	36 G/H band (IEEE C band)

SENTENCE

2011-01-02T01:15:00.000-08:00

जब एक व्यक्ति दूसरे व्यक्ति से बात कहता है (या लिखता है) तो उस बात को Sentence (वाक्य) कहते हैं |
Sentence is an arrangement of words which makes sense.
वाक्य शब्दों का वह समूह है जिसका कोई अर्थ होता है |

Five Kinds of Sentences:- Simple sentence (साधारण वाक्य) के पाँच प्रकार हैं |

1. A Statement - Assertive Sentences for denoting Assertion.

2. A Question - Interrogative Sentences for denoting Question.

3. A Command - Imperative Sentences for request or order.

4. Wish or Prayer - Optative Sentences for denoting wish or prayer.

5. A Exclamation - Exclamatory Sentences for denoting sudden feeling.

---------------------------------------------
अब उपरोक्त को समझते हैं -

Statements: Statement का अर्थ कुछ कहना होता है | इस प्रकार के Sentences में Subject (कर्ता) होता है और वह प्राय: (Verb) क्रिया से पहले आता है |

जैसे - Mohan Walks.
इस वाक्य में मोहन कर्ता (Subject) है, और चलना (Walks) क्रिया है |
Statement को Assertive Sentence भी कहते हैं |
Statements दो प्रकार के होते हैं affirmative और negative.
(i) Affirmative:- Affirmative Statement में ऐसा है का भाव होता है, अर्थात ऐसे वाक्य सकारात्मक होते हैं |
This is a Pen. (यह कलम है)
The earth is round.(धरती गोल है)
Man is Mortal.(मनुष्य नश्वर है)
(ii) Negative:- Negative Statement का भाव नकारात्मक होता है, इसमें नहीं का प्रयोग होता है | Negative वाक्य बनाने के कई तरीके हैं जो TENSE (काल) में बताये जायेंगें |
I do not smoke. (मैं धूम्रपान नहीं करता)
They couldn't cross the river. (वे नदी पार नहीं कर सकते)

Questions : इन वाक्यों को interrogative sentence (प्रश्न वाक्य) भी कहते हैं | इन वाक्यों में व्यक्ति कुछ कहता अथवा अपना विचार नहीं प्रगट नहीं करता बल्कि वह प्रश्न पूछता है | यह वाक्य helping verb (सहायक क्रिया) को पहले लगाकर या wh-words (प्रश्न शब्दों) को पहले लगाकर बनाए जाते हैं |
Is that an eagle? (क्या वहएक चील है?)
Do you walk to school? (क्या तुम स्कूल जाते हों?)
Where do you live ? (आप कहाँ रहते हैं?)

Commands or Desires : इन वाक्यों में VERB (क्रिया) प्राय: आरम्भ में आता है और जिसे आदेश दिया जाता है प्राय: बोला या लिखा नहीं जाता है |
Open the door.
इसका अर्थ है you open the door परन्तु you कहा नहीं जाता है | यह understood है ऐसा समझा जाता है |

Wish Or Prayer : इन वाक्यों में order, advice, request या wish होती है | जैसे -
Stand up. (Order)
Please help me. (Request)
Always speak the truth. (Advice)
May you live happily. (Wish) Optative Sentence
इन वाक्यों के अंत में पूर्ण विराम - full stop (.) रखते हैं |

Exclamations : यह वाक्य आश्चर्य, हर्ष, दुःख आदि भावनाओं को प्रकट करने के लिए प्रयोग में आते हैं | इन वाक्यों के अंत में Mark of Exclamation रखते हैं |
इनमें Verb (क्रिया) अंत में होता है और बिना Verb (क्रिया) के भी लिखे जाते हैं |
Examples :-
What an unlucky man he is!
How foolish!

अंत में फिर दोहरा लेते हैं -

1. A Statement - Assertive Sentences for denoting Assertion.

2. A Question - Interrogative Sentences for denoting Question.

3. A Command - Imperative Sentences for request or order.

4. Wish or Prayer - Optative Sentences for denoting wish or prayer.

5. A Exclamation - Exclamatory Sentences for denoting sudden feeling.

ब्रैडमैन हाल आफ फेम पुरस्कार - क्रिकेट

2010-12-29T17:52:00.000-08:00

विश्व के सर्वश्रेष्ठ ओपनरों में से एक, पूर्व भारतीय क्रिकेटर सुनील गावस्कर और बेहतरीन आस्ट्रेलियाई खिलाडी एडम गिलक्रिस्ट को ब्रैडमैन फाउन्डेशन की ओर से दिया जाने वाला
पुरस्कार ब्रैडमैन हाल आफ फेम २०१० से सम्मानित किया गया | वर्ष २००६ में इस पुरस्कार की शुरुआत हुई थी | इस पुरस्कार को पाने वाले गावस्कर पहले गैर-आस्ट्रेलियाई खिलाड़ी हैं |

Sports Zone - Dec 2010

2010-12-22T01:57:00.000-08:00

December 5

BCCI allowed Kochi team to play in IPL -4.
Sweden's Rikard Karlberg, won $1.25 million, Hero Honda Indian Open "Golf Tournament".

December 6

Former Indian Cricketer TN Srinivasan died at the age of 60.

December 8

Bombay High Court cancel the BCCI bans on IPL Kings XI Punjab.

December 9

All India Football Federation signed an agreement.for 15 years with International Management Group, Reliance India's of Rs. 700 Crore. Highest amount agreement in football history of India..

December 10

New Zealand's clean sweep in 5th Cricket ODI in five ODI match's series at Chennai.
Gautam Gambhir became. India's first captain for five-match one-day series clean sweep and tenth of the world.
Saurav Ghosal won the national title in 58 th Senior National Squash Championships the men's section and in women's section Joshn Chinappa.

December 11

Former hockey captain Pargat Singh, appointed President of Development Committee. of the National Hockey Federation.
Soumyajit Ghosh become the first Indian to win the bronze medal in World Junior Table Tennis Championship.
World champion Viswanathan Anand beat Magnus Carlsen of Norway in London Chess Classic tournament and captured the joint second place.

December 12

Indian badminton star Saina Nehwal won the Hong Kong Super Series title by beating China's Wang Shixian.

Awards December 2010

2010-12-21T16:48:00.000-08:00

On December 5 - India's 19 Years Nicole faria won the Miss Earth 2010 crown. The competition held in Vietnam.

On December 10 - OSLE (Organisation for Studies in Literature and Environment) awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize winners, in a grand ceremony.

Sahara India Sports Awards - 2010

2010-12-05T18:17:00.000-08:00

Best Male Player of the Year - Sushil Kumar (wrestling)
Best female player of the year - M. C. MaryKom
Year's best male cricketers - Sachin Tendulkar
Best women's cricketer of the year - Mitali Raj
Best Emerging Young Male Player of the Year - Usher Noriya (Shooter)
Year's best emerging young female players - Somya Swaminathan (Chess)
Excelled in sports for four awards - Suranjoy Singh (boxing), Aachant Sharath Kamal (Table Tennis), Pankaj Advani (billiards, snooker) and Prakash Singh (Shout put)
Year's best team - Davis Cup team
Coach of the Year - Yashveer Singh (wrestling)
Legend Honour - Guarvchan Singh Randhawa (former athletes)

सहारा इंडिया खेल पुरस्कार - 2010

2010-12-05T18:10:00.000-08:00

- वर्ष के सर्वश्रेष्ठ पुरुष खिलाडी - सुशील कुमार (कुश्ती)
वर्ष की सर्वश्रेष्ठ महिला खिलाडी - एम. सी. मैरीकाम
वर्ष के सर्वश्रेष्ठ पुरुष क्रिकेटर - सचिन तेंदुलकर
वर्ष की सर्वश्रेष्ठ महिला क्रिकेटर - मिताली राज
वर्ष के सर्वश्रेष्ठ उदीयमान युवा पुरुष खिलाडी - अशर नोरिया (निशानेबाज)
वर्ष के सर्वश्रेष्ठ उदीयमान युवा महिला खिलाडी - सोम्य स्वामीनाथन (शतरंज)
खेलों में उल्लेखनीय प्रदर्शन के लिए चार पुरस्कार - सुरंजय सिंह (मुक्केबाजी), अचंत शरत कमल (टेबल टेनिस), पंकज आडवानी (बिलियर्ड्स स्नूकर) और ॐ प्रकाश सिंह (शाट पुट)
वर्ष की सर्वश्रेष्ठ टीम - डेविस कप टीम
वर्ष का सर्वश्रेष्ठ कोच - यशवीर सिंह (कुश्ती)
लेजेंड आनर - गुरवचन सिंह रंधावा (पूर्व एथलीट)

COUNTRY AND CAPITAL - WORLD

2010-10-08T04:02:00.000-07:00

Afghanistan - Kabul
Albania - Tirane
Algeria - Algiers
Andorra - Andorra la Vella
Angola - LuandaAntigua and Barbuda - Saint John's
Argentina - Buenos Aires
Armenia - Yerevan
Australia - Canberra
Austria - Vienna
Azerbaijan - Baku
The Bahamas - Nassau
Bahrain - Manama
Bangladesh - Dhaka
Barbados - Bridgetown
Belarus - Minsk
Belgium - Brussels
Belize - Belmopan
Benin - Porto-Novo
Bhutan - Thimphu
Bolivia - La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo
Botswana - Gaborone
Brazil - Brasilia
Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria - Sofia
Burkina Faso - Ouagadougou
Burundi - Bujumbura
Cambodia - Phnom Penh
Cameroon - Yaounde
Canada - Ottawa
Cape Verde - Praia
Central African Republic - Bangui
Chad - N'Djamena
Chile - Santiago
China - Beijing
Colombia - Bogota
Comoros - Moroni
Congo, Republic of the - Brazzaville
Congo, Democratic Republic of the - Kinshasa
Costa Rica - San Jose
Cote d'Ivoire - Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)
Croatia - Zagreb
Cuba - Havana
Cyprus - Nicosia
Czech Republic - Prague
Denmark - Copenhagen
Djibouti - Djibouti
Dominica - Roseau
Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo
East Timor (Timor-Leste) - Dili
Ecuador - Quito
Egypt - Cairo
El Salvador - San Salvador
Equatorial Guinea - Malabo
Eritrea - Asmara
Estonia - Tallinn
Ethiopia - Addis Ababa
Fiji - Suva
Finland - Helsinki
France - Paris
Gabon - Libreville
The Gambia - Banjul
Georgia - Tbilisi
Germany - Berlin
Ghana - Accra
Greece - Athens
Grenada - Saint George's
Guatemala - Guatemala City
Guinea - Conakry
Guinea-Bissau - Bissau
Guyana - Georgetown
Haiti - Port-au-Prince
Honduras - Tegucigalpa
Hungary - Budapest
Iceland - Reykjavik
India - New Delhi
Indonesia - Jakarta
Iran - Tehran
Iraq - Baghdad
Ireland - Dublin
Israel - Jerusalem*
Italy - Rome
Jamaica - Kingston
Japan - Tokyo
Jordan - Amman
Kazakhstan - Astana
Kenya - Nairobi
Kiribati - Tarawa Atoll
Korea, North - Pyongyang
Korea, South - Seoul
Kosovo - Pristina
Kuwait - Kuwait City
Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek
Laos - Vientiane
Latvia - Riga
Lebanon - Beirut
Lesotho - Maseru
Liberia - Monrovia
Libya - Tripoli
Liechtenstein - Vaduz
Lithuania - Vilnius
Luxembourg - Luxembourg
Macedonia - Skopje
Madagascar - Antananarivo
Malawi - Lilongwe
Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur
Maldives - Male
Mali - Bamako
Malta - Valletta
Marshall Islands - Majuro
Mauritania - Nouakchott
Mauritius - Port Louis
Mexico - Mexico City
Micronesia, Federated States of - Palikir
Moldova - Chisinau
Monaco - Monaco
Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar
Montenegro - Podgorica
Morocco - Rabat
Mozambique - Maputo
Myanmar (Burma) - Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw (administrative)
Namibia - Windhoek
Nauru - no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Nepal - Kathmandu
Netherlands - Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)
New Zealand - Wellington
Nicaragua - Managua
Niger - Niamey
Nigeria - Abuja
Norway - Oslo
Oman - Muscat
Pakistan - Islamabad
Palau - Melekeok
Panama - Panama City
Papua New Guinea - Port Moresby
Paraguay - Asuncion
Peru - Lima
Philippines - Manila
Poland - Warsaw
Portugal - Lisbon
Qatar - Doha
Romania - Bucharest
Russia - Moscow
Rwanda - Kigali
Saint Kitts and Nevis - Basseterre
Saint Lucia - Castries
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Kingstown
Samoa - Apia
San Marino - San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe - Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia - Riyadh
Senegal - Dakar
Serbia - Belgrade
Seychelles - Victoria
Sierra Leone - Freetown
Singapore - Singapore
Slovakia - Bratislava
Slovenia - Ljubljana
Solomon Islands - Honiara
Somalia - Mogadishu
South Africa - Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judiciary)
Spain - Madrid
Sri Lanka - Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)
Sudan - Khartoum
Suriname - Paramaribo
Swaziland - Mbabane
Sweden - Stockholm
Switzerland - Bern
Syria - Damascus
Taiwan - Taipei
Tajikistan - Dushanbe
Tanzania - Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)
Thailand - Bangkok
Togo - Lome
Tonga - Nuku'alofa
Trinidad and Tobago - Port-of-Spain
Tunisia - Tunis
Turkey - Ankara
Turkmenistan - Ashgabat
Tuvalu - Vaiaku village, Funafuti province
Uganda - Kampala
Ukraine - Kyiv
United Arab Emirates - Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom - London
United States of America - Washington D.C.
Uruguay - Montevideo
Uzbekistan - Tashkent
Vanuatu - Port-Vila
Vatican City (Holy See) - Vatican City
Venezuela - Caracas
Vietnam - Hanoi
Yemen - Sanaa
Zambia - Lusaka
Zimbabwe - Harare

Forthcoming Exams: 2010

2010-09-30T05:29:00.000-07:00

October :
• Bank of India Clerical Cadre Exam. (October 3)
• Kashi Gomti Samyut Gramin Bank Office Assistant Exam. (October 3)
• Madhya Pradesh Assistant Engineer (Civil) Exam. (October 10)• Rajasthan Public Service Commission Teachers Grade-II (Sanskrit-Edu. Deptt.) 08 (Sanskrit, Science, English and Maths Exams.) (October 21-24)
• UPSC Central Police Forces (Assistant Commandants) Exam., 2010 (October 24)
• Reserve Bank of India Executive Interns Exam. (October 24)
• Punjab National Bank Agriculture Officers Exam. (October 24)
• U.P. Assistant Prosecution Officers General Selection (Mains) Exam., 2007 (October 26-27)
• State Bank of India Specialist Management Executives Recruitment Exam. (October 31)
• Bank of India Probationary Officers Exam. (October 31)
• Narmada Malwa Gramin Bank Clerk-cum Cashiers Recruitment Exam. (October 31)
November :
• M.P. PSC Assistant District Public Prosecution Officers Exam. (November 14)
• UCO Bank Clerical Cadre Exam. (November 14)
• FCI Assistant Grade III Recruitment Exam. (North Zone) (November 14)
• United Bank of India Probationary Officers Exam. (November 14)
• Narmada Malwa Gramin Bank Officers Scale-I Exam. (November 14)
• Recruitment of Postal Assistant, Sorting Assistant in M.P. Postal Circle (November 14) (Closing Date : 5 October, 2010)
• National Talent Search Examination/State Level National Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Selection Test 2010-11 (November 21)
• SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level (10 + 2) Exam., 2010 for Recruitment of Data Entry Operator and Lower Division Clerks (November 27-28)
• M.P. School Education Department, Principal Higher Secondary School Recruitment Exam. (November 28)
• United Bank of India Clerical Cadre Recruitment Exam. (November 28)
• FCI Assistant Grade III Recruitment Exam. (South Zone) (November 28)
• Punjab National Bank Management Trainees Exam. (November 28)

December :
• SSC Junior Translator/Junior Hindi Translator Exam., 2010 (December 5) (Closing Date : 27 September, 2010)
• SSC Special Examination for Recruitment of SIs & ASIs in CPOs, 2010 (December12)
• Hadoti Kshetriya Gramin Bank Clerk-cum-Cashiers Exam. (December12)
• U.P. Combined State/Upper Subordinate Service (Mains) Exam., 2009 (November 29-December 14)
• Hadoti Kshetriya Gramin Bank Officer (Scale-I) Exam. (December 19)
• FCI Assistant Grade III Recruitment Exam. (West Zone) (December 19)
• Rashtriya Military School Common Entrance Test (Class-VI) (December 19)
• Bank of Maharashtra Probationary Officers Exam. (December 19) (Online Closing Date : 30 September, 2010)
• UPSC Special Class Railway Apprentices Exam., 2010 (December 19) (Offline Closing Date : 27 September, 2010)
• U.P. Combined Lower Subordinate Service Special Selection (Pre.) Exam., 2008 (December 26)